What is the pH value?
Many people are aware that the pH value is related to acids and bases and that it is important for e.g. water quality, food, aquariums or even plants. The exact meaning will be explained in the course of this article.…
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What is called a “double junction” ?
Electrodes with liquid electrolyte solution (pH, redox) can contain one or more diaphragms. These diaphragms are used to establish electrical contact between the reference electrode and the sample solution without contaminating the electrolyte with the sample. In addition to the…
What is the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)?
Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) or redox is a measurement that indicates how oxidizing or reducing a liquid is. For example, water can be moderately oxidizing (like carbonated water), highly oxidizing (like chlorinated water or hydrogen peroxide solution), or reducing (like an…
How do I measure dissolved oxygen (DO)?
There are several methods by which dissolved oxygen (DO) in water can be measured. First, there are wet chemical techniques in which a water sample is collected and then subjected to a chemical reaction used to determine oxygen content. Second,…
What is dissolved oxygen (DO)?
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is oxygen gas (O2) dissolved in water. Gases in the atmosphere such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide naturally dissolve in water to some degree. Like salt or sugar, these gases are invisible in water once they…
How do I measure the conductivity ?
With a suitable instrument, electrical conductivity (EC) measurements are relatively quick and easy. EC measures the ability of water to conduct electricity, which in turn depends on the ion concentrations in the solution. For this reason, EC provides useful information…
How do I measure the ORP value?
The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is measured by inserting an ORP sensor into water. This can be either a pocket meter or a meter with a separate electrode. The meter then reads the electrical potential (voltage) from the sensor and may…